Choline is a source of methyl groups that contribute to carcinogenesis. Choline is an essential nutrient with a potential role in prostate cancer.
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Choline is a nutrient important for human life.
Choline and cancer metastasis. It is also used as a radioactive tracer in prostate cancer in the form of 11c choline and 18f fluorocholine. Eggs choline cancer. Choline and prostate cancer.
Methyl folate methionine and choline are the major sources of methyl groups in the human diet 1 2. Several enzymes in choline metabolism are overexpressed in cancer. Choline uptake and turn over are increased in cancer cells.
Only 5 comparisons from 4 articles 9101113 presented results of dietary consumption of choline and betaine combined and cancer risk. Remember dietary choline is converted in the gut into trimethylamine. Numerous studies have reported choline based pet scans to be up to 85 sensitive to recurrent prostate cancer in several areas of the body including lymph nodes.
Metabolites of these micronutrients have an essential role in forming the universal methyl donor s adenosylmethionine sam. The most studied agent in this setting has been 11 c choline petct which showed increased sensitivity for lymph node and bone metastases compared with the standard of care ct and 99m tc bone. As choline metabolism increases during malignant transformation and progression of human mammary epithelial cells we examined the ability of 11ccholine cho positron emission tomography imaging to detect clinically aggressive phenotype in patients with estrogen receptor erpositive breast cancer in vivo.
While the link between choline and fatal prostate cancer is becoming clear the risk benefit analysis remains murky. Choline is found in many foods including eggs meat and milk products. For the highest versus the lowest choline plus betaine consumption the pooled rr was 060 95ci 040 to 090.
Researchers at harvard medical school found that men who ate diets with high amounts of these foods had a 70 percent increased chance of developing lethal metastatic prostate cancer when compared to men who consumed substantially lower amounts of food with high choline levels. And so the harvard researchers speculated that the tmao from the high dietary choline intake may increase inflammation and this may promote progression of prostate cancer to lethal disease in the new england journal of medicine. Choline plus betaine consumption and cancer risk.
Hormones and hypoxia contribute to altered choline metabolism in prostate cancer. Choline is an essential nutrient and is associated with a number of positive health effects including possibly preventing fatty liver disease and cognitive decline in the elderly. There are many imaging techniques that take advantage of this fact to look for prostate cancer around the body including what is known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy a fancy form of mri and positron emission testing pet that uses radioactive choline scheenen et al.
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